Lineage


This is what we know about the lineage of Ma Gui's system of Baguazhang. Dong Haichuan created baguazhang and taught in Beijing. Ma Gui learned directly from him, and Liu Wanchuan learn from Ma Gui.  Below is not a complete lineage of everyone who studied with Ma Gui, only those related to the line from Liu Wanchuan. 

Dong Haichuan (c.1813 - 1884)

Dong Haichuan taught: Yin Fu (1840 -1909), Ma Gui (1852-1942), and others. Ma Gui learned from Yin Fu as well. Yin Fu taught Liu Qingfu (1862 -1952), Liu Qinglu, his son Yin Yuzhang (1880-1950), and others.

Ma Gui taught: Li Shao'an (1888 -1982) and Liu Wanchuan (1905 -1993) and others.

Liu Wanchuan taught: Yu Zhiming (1920 - ), Fan Yaohua (1934- ), Pan Guangzheng (1924-1999), Sun Wuling (1921-2001), Bi Jie, Li Wenling (1947- ) and many others.

Yu Zhiming teaches: Li Baohua (1964 - ) and others.

Dong Haichuan taught his students according to their previous skills, which is why no branch of bagua is the same, although it does not have a long history. He had many highly skilled students who often excelled at other martial arts. Yin Fu and Cheng Tinghua are the best known, and taught the most students. Yin Fu studied with Dong Haichuan for the longest time of all the apprentices, and learned privately. Yin Fu specialized in chuanzhang, or piercing palm. Yin Fu's best students were said to be Ma Gui, Liu Qingfu, Gong Baotian, and his son Yin Yuzhang. The MaGui lineage is not simply Yin Fu style, though, as Ma Gui, although he did learn with Yin Fu, learned directly from Dong Haichuan. Ma Gui started to learn with Dong Haichuan when he was young, and later on Dong Haichuan lived with Ma Gui. Ma Gui was called Yin Fu's student because he was the younger generation and because his father was good friends with Yin Fu. This kind of generational switching is common in the martial arts - teachers, uncles, and brothers are often a hodgepodge of relationships.  

Ma Gui was a favourite of Dong Haichuan since he was literate, talented, had a good character, and trained very hard. There are two ways that Ma Gui was special among Dong Haichuan's students. 1) Ma Gui started with Dong Haichuan when he was twelve, so he did not have the basics of other styles. He was the only one who got the lowest level, basics training from Dong Haichuan. All the others were skilled in other styles when they started. 2) Ma Gui was not interested in other martial arts, unlike some of Dong Haichuan's other students who liked to fight and compare styles. He liked to fight like the others, but not to learn other styles. Perhaps because of this he was the one of the first generation apprentices who learned the most complete bagua system.

Liu Qingfu was a famous martial artist from Shandong. He moved to Beijing as a young man, and returned to Shandong later and taught many people. This is our secondary lineage - Yin Fu taught Liu Qingfu and his brother Liu Qinglu. Liu Qingfu and Liu Qinglu taught Liu Wanchuan as a child. Liu Qingfu also taught Yu Zhiming for a few years as a child. (go here for way more detail on all bagua lineages). Liu Qingfu often talked about Ma Gui to his nephew Liu Wanchuan in Shandong, saying that 'no one could compare with Ma Gui'.

Because Ma Gui was reluctant to teach to those he thought unworthy, it was thought that he did not transmit his skills. But Ma Gui was poor in his later years and was taken care of by Li Shao'an. Li Shao'an, from Shandong, was a martial artist who owned a restaurant in Beijing that became a gathering place for martial artists. Li Shao'an trained with Yin Fu and Cheng Tinghua before learning from Ma Gui.  Liu Wanchuan, 17 years younger, was given a position in the restaurant when he moved to Beijing as a young man. Ma Gui taught both of them the whole bagua system in a deserted temple grounds.  Li Shao'an was famous for his dragging palm and iron arm. Due to the Cultural Revolution he had a difficult life and did not pass on his teaching. Although he did not teach, he is a vital person in the lineage, as he was responsible for Ma Gui teaching in his later years.  The MaGui style, as different from Yin style, has been transmitted by Liu Wanchuan. To our knowledge Ma Gui taught the whole system to only Li Shao'an and Liu Wanchuan when he was older. 

The apprentice who learned the most completly from Liu Wanchuan was Yu Zhiming, who learned with him for over 30 years. This system cannot be learned in a few years, so it is likely that Yu Zhiming is the only one who truly inherited the Ma Gui style. Pan Yaohua learned some things that Yu Zhiming forgot, so he is a great resource for our lineage. Yu Zhiming has been teaching the Ma Gui system to Li Baohua since 1989.  Yu Zhiming did not teach very many people, and Li Baohua is his closest and longest held student, who has inherited the complete system. Li Baohua had learned Cheng style and Ma Weiqi's style before being introduced to MaGui style, at which point he stopped doing the others.

There is a connection between the Yin Fu and Ma Gui styles, as can be seen in the people who trained with both. People in our lineage have great respect for Yin Fu and Yin style bagua. But it is a characteristic of the MaGui style that once you start it you want to forget everything else you have learned before. The people who learned from Ma Gui and his inheritors have all learned the MaGui system as their last system. A lineage is about love, respect, and responsibility to the style and the people in the lineage. Being the inheritor of the style is a profound responsibility, not lightly taken, so it is natural  and necessary for the inheritor to truly believe that the style is the best.

(see more biographical details in the photo pages of the teachers)

Website organized and written by Andrea Falk, interpreting the teaching of Li Baohua. The website of the international association is www.maguibagua.com.